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写新文章[转贴]浅观民众戏剧在大陆
2007-09-14 15:46
“这个时代,人人都想走向上的路,为什幺让我们走下坡路?” 这是一句流行在现今中国大陆农民及民工间的口头禅。由一份称作＜民间＞的刊物给登载在杂志的发刊辞上。众所周知,在改革开放的大浪潮中,资本市场的种种恶行,经由全球化新自由主义的无远弗届,早已深入大陆城乡中,形成令人咋舌的贫富阶级差异问题。这再怎么说,这都是一个曾经在红色中国年代里,为平等的理想而斗争过的数以亿计的受苦的人,难以想象的结局吧! 带着这样、那样总令人不想低头了事的惑问。在广州中山大学旁的一间NGO办公室里盘桓了几个短短的时日,进而参加了「木棉花开剧团」在广东南岭举办的一场＜民众戏剧研讨会＞。竟因而得以亲自见到来自大陆各地的民众戏剧青年工作者。她／他们都只有短则数日、长则顶多两年的民众剧场经验,然而,一般说来,却有超乎人想象之外的强烈问题意识。 是剧场中,以身体做为对话的机制,吸引着长期以来被官僚体制与商品化浪潮推挤到社会边境的心灵,渴望经由交互式的学习,打开另一扇通往人间生活场域的窗口吗？又或者,现实本身就是活生生的一出「被压迫者剧场」,驱动着溢满胸腔及脑门子的问题意识？ 我这样提问着自已,并和交织在身体与问题意识边界上的一群青年们,展开了论坛戏剧的工作坊以及实践上的对话。 广州「木棉花开民众剧团」是一个对剧场与社会改造实践,既带热情参与,且具反思行动的组合。在工作坊中,她／他们的反思,表现在一次的具体实践经验里。 剧团的伙伴这么说,「有一回,在街坊演出关于民工被无故撤职的论坛剧场时,不待主持人（或曰：丑客,即Joker）登场邀民众上台替代主角…已有一台下民工,突而便情绪激动地跪在台上,声嘶力竭地要求剧中扮演老板的角色,别撤了他的职…再给他一次工作机会…。 这样的场景,述说了一个市场经济社会在发展的道途中,必然得经历的规则性阵痛。少数人富起来,不代表多数被压迫阶级,也步上了富起来的道路。这是资本竞逐的简易逻辑。要命的是,当剧场里塑造出来的想象空间,毫无保留地闯入现实的要素时,论坛剧场希望观众思考舞台上发生的事情,并进而转化成「观—演者」身份,以登上舞台的状态,突而被现实的殷切索求给带进一种「紧急状态」中。 场景不见了!留下来的是赤祼无情的现实。怎么办？又如何想？就这么说吧! 戏剧做为一种反思社会的文化行动,被置换成一场场活生生的街头求生存行动时。表演这件事,既靠近了民众,也同时引爆了戏剧如何改造现实,又真的能做为改造世界的文化武器的提问。如此这般的提问,以及提问背后含带的焦虑感,形成了民众戏剧工作者共同的承坦。 前头关于现实闯入剧场的故事还没说完。就因为想让剧场中的论坛引发更多社会的关注。「木棉花开」的成员,安排了熟知且可信任的影像界朋友,将民工介入舞台的场面给拍摄下来。原本说好,在夜间电视新闻播出时,要替登场的民工打「马赛克」的,谁料,赶着做新闻节目的当下,却一时疏忽了!这下可惨。当夜新闻一播,这登场的民工立即成了刀下的鱼肉,隔天,马上给眼尖看了新闻的老板赶出工厂门去,革了职,失了业,没了一口饭吃! 怎么办？这下又该如何是好？先是现实闯入剧场。现在,倒过来的是,剧场闯入了现实。「木棉花开」不能置身事外,费了大力气,才终而帮这民工找了另一份差事,认了另一个老板。我说,现实上,总算事情告一段落。会这么说,是因为这事情引发的另一层深思,其实尚未在文化抵抗的美学讨论中划下句点。 做为一个讨论的案例。民工论坛剧场的发生,浮现了剧场与现实互为闯入的情境。这不也就是剧场做为一种维权的方法,在手段上必然遭遇的目的吗？引用巴西教育哲学家保罗、弗莱尔Paulo Freire在与被压迫者共同为这世界命名的论述中。他提到「对话」的出现,并非为弥合矛盾而来,相反地,在于揭露事情的矛盾,以达成弱势者得以进一步认知这世界的作用。果若如此,论坛剧场才找到了对应现实的美学脉络。因为,无论如何,等在「木棉花开」或其它中国大陆、甚而世界上意图以剧场来介入现实的剧场工作者面前的,并不是一张静态的田园画面；相反地,何其令人触目惊心,它是隐藏在甜美消费假像背后的、水火交织的动态场景。 这场景所连结起来的戏码。就像民工介入舞台的论坛剧场一般,无可免地,既是闯入剧场的现实,也是闯入现实的剧场。现在,遗留下来的问题,就是如何在现实与剧场的「对话」中,找到一种互为主体的聠结点了! 丧失了这样「对话」的联结,民众剧场终而要在文化做为一种社会抵抗的过程中,陷于目的论的焦灼状态中。环绕在中国大陆民众戏剧工作者内心中,最为渇切的惑问,大抵离不开,运用这样一套介入现实的剧场*作,当真可以改造失衡的现实吗？这个恼人的问题,具体提到工作者的实践场域前,引人深思并进而在思辩中,亟亟于答案的导引。 草根性以及将民众戏剧与底层社会紧密连结。是大陆民众戏剧具文化抵抗性质的原因及结果。从中,我们目睹了「民众」这个字眼的重量,在一定程度上,不再仅仅是被现代市民社会所规范的多元化「橱窗」而已! 在广东南岭的研讨会闭幕前,举办了一场和在地民众联谊的表演活动。热烘烘的表演大堂里,没什么现代化的音效、灯光设施,蚊子倒是怎么也赶不完的现场「佳宾」。夜,还没沉静下来,己经挤来数以几百计的在地乡亲,老老少少一点也没有打算含蓄地来看一场戏。 这可好,当真货真价实的野地戏台,偌大黝黝暗暗的大堂观众席上,或交谈、或嬉闹、或寒喧、或嚷嚷…不一而足,就没半点常在剧院观席上刻意被营造的安静可言。 不安静。不想安静。不愿安静。因为民众不想只当安静的观众。这时,「木棉花开」使尽全体团员的气力,在镜框式的偌大舞台上演了一场以＜家＞做主题的「一人一故事」playback theatre戏码。熟悉此类型表演的人们,都不难理解,「一人一故事」将演员视作服务观众的表演者,这没什么不好,甚且颠覆了制式的观众服务于演员的关系,要命的是,它须要演员和观众都安静下来,相互聆听彼此的心灵对话。问题来了!现在,要如何在不愿、不想、不干于安静下来的观众间,展开此一交互式剧场呢？ 「木棉花开」在轰轰然的民众「大军」前,很难流畅地完成了「一人一故事」的交互式表演。或许,他们对此多少感到不安,也说不定。唯独,我却以为这不安,才真是具有民众性的另类美感!怎么说呢？因为,它至少是我参加过的、最具抵抗性的一场「一人一故事」演出。 在这样的理解里,演员无从在「服务」观众的氛围下满足自身的成就感；相反地,必须在抵抗的逆潮中和观众产生对话关系。而我想,民众性质的社区戏剧,和被市民社会的安全感所安顿好的社区剧场,最大的差异,便在如何于「对抗」中奋力地生产「对话」的劲道来! 如此说来,民众戏剧在波荡中的中国大陆,才力挽狂澜地表现出挣扎于草根性中的民众性质吧!我这么想,就不知,读这篇文章的各位,你／你们以为呢？ 作者: 钟乔 |
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Dozens of people were killed and hundreds were injured Monday in a
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that include profanity or personal attacks or other inappropriate comments or
material will be removed from the Hurricane Bertha strengthens into "major" hurricane
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Dozens of people were killed and hundreds were injured Monday in a
suicide attack against the Indian Embassy in the Afghan capital. Comments
that include profanity or personal attacks or other inappropriate comments or
material will be removed from the Hurricane Bertha strengthens into "major" hurricane